Course Materials
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Course Slideshows
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All Main Lesson Book Requirements
Items from MLB Check #1 - 04/18/16
1. The Practice of Anatomy
2. The Characteristics of Life
3. Lab #1 - Microscopic Measurements
Items from MLB Check #2 - 04/27/16
4. The Mammalian Cardiovascular System
5. Lab #2 - Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
6. Heart Dissection (Lab #3)
7. Cardiac Tissue, Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
8. Lab #4 (Activity 1) - Mechanical Digestion/Surface Area to Volume Ratios
Items for Finalized MLB - 05/06/16
9. The Human Respiratory System
10. Lab #5 (Activity 5) - Intestinal Absorption of Nutrients/Selective Permeability and Diffusion
11. Lab #6 - Blood Typing
12. The Blood
13. Lab #7 - Gummy Bear Osmosis
14. Tadpole Transformation (Lab #8)
15. Tour of Living Cells
16. Lab #9 - Cell Form and Function
Items from MLB Check #1 - 04/18/16
1. The Practice of Anatomy
2. The Characteristics of Life
3. Lab #1 - Microscopic Measurements
Items from MLB Check #2 - 04/27/16
4. The Mammalian Cardiovascular System
5. Lab #2 - Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
6. Heart Dissection (Lab #3)
7. Cardiac Tissue, Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
8. Lab #4 (Activity 1) - Mechanical Digestion/Surface Area to Volume Ratios
Items for Finalized MLB - 05/06/16
9. The Human Respiratory System
10. Lab #5 (Activity 5) - Intestinal Absorption of Nutrients/Selective Permeability and Diffusion
11. Lab #6 - Blood Typing
12. The Blood
13. Lab #7 - Gummy Bear Osmosis
14. Tadpole Transformation (Lab #8)
15. Tour of Living Cells
16. Lab #9 - Cell Form and Function
MLB Requirements - Outline
The Practice of Anatomy and Physiology
a. Describe the Purpose/focus of the disciplines of Anatomy and Physiology
b. What are the differences between Microscopic Anatomy and Gross Anatomy? Histology and Cytology?
c. What are some of the subdisciplines of Anatomy and their focuses?
d. Explain and give examples for the Levels of Organization within the human body.
e. The Language of Anatomy
i. List and describe/define the terms we covered, give examples of their usage.
ii. Explain why we need a language for this discipline.
The Characteristics of Life
a. Describe the seven characteristics of life and give examples for each (show how each characteristic applies even in the most extreme/unexpected circumstances).
b. Compare/analyze the student generated list from class with the actual list.
Lab # 1 – Microscopic Measurements and Cell Size and Scale
a. Remember RERUN for the conclusion!
b. There is no hypothesis for this lab.
c. In your conclusion, make sure to report your data with an analysis of how you arrived at it. Highlight any interesting results or unusual/unexpected data points.
d. Answer ALL questions from the lab guide in your conclusion, using full sentences.
Lab #2 – Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
a. Remember RERUN!
b. We’ll collect the class data and average it on Monday, so leave room for this in your data section and conclusion.
c. In your conclusion, make sure to report your data, highlighting any interesting trends or unusual/unexpected data points.
d. Explain the significance of the results. Use the charts on the lab sheet to analyze your blood pressure.
e. Make sure to explain why heart rate increases with activity. How is this coordinated with the two different aspects of the nervous system we talked about in class?
f. Explain what blood pressure is. Why are there two different values? What do the terms systole and diastole refer to?
g. Explain how/why the sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuffs) works.
The Mammalian Cardiovascular System
a.Describe the system as a whole. What is the pathway of the blood through the heart and vascular pathways?
b.Describe the anatomy of the heart, including the functions of each chamber and the different valves. Relate the structure of the different components of the system (atria, ventricle, valves, etc.) to their functions.
c.Explain the cardiac cycle. How does the heart beat? Why is there a separation of contractions? How is this cycle coordinated? Make sure to explain what the components are (i.e. what is a node? What are bundle branches?)
Heart Dissection (Lab #3)
a.Remember that this is not a traditional lab write-up. This was an observational lab, so you want to record what you experienced through diagrammatic work and written description. Note the relationships between the structures of the different components of the heart and their functions. For example, how does the structure/form of an atria relate to what it does? Why do atria have different sizes and thicknesses than ventricles? Etc.
Cardiac Tissue, Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
a.You should have an entry or entries that encompass the structure and functions of cardiac tissue, arteries, veins and capillaries. This includes your diagrammatic work from the prepared slides
b.You should try to distinguish the different structures present in your diagrams. Point out as many distinguishing parts as possible.
c.The entry should explain the relationship between the forms(structures) of these organs/tissues and cells and their roles/functions in the human body. Explain why each is formed the way it is. Why do cardiac cells look the way they do? What is the function of the intercalated disks? Why are arteries thicker than veins? Why do veins possess valves? Why are capillaries so thin? Etc.
Lab #4 (Activity 1) - Mechanical Digestion/Surface Area to Volume Ratios
a.In crafting a conclusion for this exercise (remember to use RERUN!) make sure to explain why the crushed tablet dissolved more quickly by fully explaining the surface area to volume ration concept.
b.You do not need to answer questions #2 and #3 in the laboratory questions section.
Lab #5 – Activity 5: Intestinal Absorption of Nutrients/Selective Permeability and Diffusion
a.Make sure your conclusion for this lab explains the concepts of selective permeability and diffusion across concentration gradients.
The Human Respiratory System
a.Describe the system as a whole. Explain the pathway of air from the nasal cavity to the lung and, eventually, to the blood. Describe the structure and function of each component of this system.
b.How does breathing occur? Explain the process of taking a breath. How is the diaphragm muscle involved? Explain the relationship of pressure to volume and how it contributes to the inflation of our lungs.
c.Explain the process of diffusion that happens in the alveoli. How is it that oxygen make its way into the blood and CO2 out? Why doesn’t blood end up in the alveoli? Apply the rules of diffusion and selective permeability to explain this.
d.Describe anything that stood out to you during our exploration of the pig lungs. How was this experience different from what you expected?
Lab #6 – Blood Typing
a. What is your blood type? How do you know? The conclusion for this lab should explain the phenomenon of blood type. What causes blood type? Why are agglutination (clumping) reactions positive indicators for blood type?
The Blood
a.Explain the main functions of the blood, giving examples.
b.Explain the composition of the blood and the functions of each component (i.e. buffy coat, red blood cells, plasma).
Lab #7: Gummy Bear Osmosis
a. The conclusion for this lab should report the results – the differences in weight and size between the ‘dry’ gummies, the gummies soaked in distilled water and tap water, and those soaked in salt water. Which were heavier and bigger?
b. Why did we see a change in the size in the gummy bears? Why was there an increase in size with distilled and tap water? Why would the size decrease with salt water?
c. Fully explain the concept of osmosis and how it applies in this instance.
d. Make a graph displaying the percentage of mass gained and lost for each gummy bear (distilled water, tap water, salt water)
Tour of a Living Cells
a.This should include a sketch of a generalized prokaryote cell, plant cell and animal cell with all organelles.
b.Make sure to label and explain the various functions of the different organelles and how their structure relates to these functions.
c.Outline the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
d.Explain the differences between plant and animal cells.
e.Give examples of how certain cell forms fit their functions. (i.e. microvilli cells are columnar and thin, maximizing surface area for nutrient absorption).
f.Incorporate anything extraordinary or interesting about cell structure and function from the class lecture and discussion.
Lab #8 - Cell Structure and Function
a. This is not a traditional lab write-up, it is simply a documentation of your observations over a series of phenomena (cell type).
b. You should make sure that you've diagrammed each cell type you observed to the best of your ability. Label visible structures that you were able to identify (nuclei, cell membrane, chloroplasts, cell wall, etc.) .
c. Report any cell size estimates that you did and compare the processes of estimating the sizes for each cell. Why was it so difficult to see the bacteria?
d. For each cell, take some time to characterize it. That is, what are it's qualities? How does its structure relate to its function and the life of the organism? How do the unicellular organisms more? What are their lives like? How are cheek cells different from plant cells? Why? How does the form of each cell relate to its function?
Tadpole Transformation
a. This entry should include diagrams of the various stages of transformation that we observed with the tadpole/frogs. Try to put the diagrams side-by- side in succession, showing the changes from one stage to the next.
b. Include any observations you made regarding what you observed. WHat stood out from stage to stage? WHat was the timing like for the development of different part of the frog?
c. Speculate about the the riddle, how do you think an organism can undergo such a radical transformation and yet, has the same genes/dna at each stage? What is causing the transformation?
d. What questions come up for you regarding what you observed?
The Practice of Anatomy and Physiology
a. Describe the Purpose/focus of the disciplines of Anatomy and Physiology
b. What are the differences between Microscopic Anatomy and Gross Anatomy? Histology and Cytology?
c. What are some of the subdisciplines of Anatomy and their focuses?
d. Explain and give examples for the Levels of Organization within the human body.
e. The Language of Anatomy
i. List and describe/define the terms we covered, give examples of their usage.
ii. Explain why we need a language for this discipline.
The Characteristics of Life
a. Describe the seven characteristics of life and give examples for each (show how each characteristic applies even in the most extreme/unexpected circumstances).
b. Compare/analyze the student generated list from class with the actual list.
Lab # 1 – Microscopic Measurements and Cell Size and Scale
a. Remember RERUN for the conclusion!
b. There is no hypothesis for this lab.
c. In your conclusion, make sure to report your data with an analysis of how you arrived at it. Highlight any interesting results or unusual/unexpected data points.
d. Answer ALL questions from the lab guide in your conclusion, using full sentences.
Lab #2 – Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
a. Remember RERUN!
b. We’ll collect the class data and average it on Monday, so leave room for this in your data section and conclusion.
c. In your conclusion, make sure to report your data, highlighting any interesting trends or unusual/unexpected data points.
d. Explain the significance of the results. Use the charts on the lab sheet to analyze your blood pressure.
e. Make sure to explain why heart rate increases with activity. How is this coordinated with the two different aspects of the nervous system we talked about in class?
f. Explain what blood pressure is. Why are there two different values? What do the terms systole and diastole refer to?
g. Explain how/why the sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuffs) works.
The Mammalian Cardiovascular System
a.Describe the system as a whole. What is the pathway of the blood through the heart and vascular pathways?
b.Describe the anatomy of the heart, including the functions of each chamber and the different valves. Relate the structure of the different components of the system (atria, ventricle, valves, etc.) to their functions.
c.Explain the cardiac cycle. How does the heart beat? Why is there a separation of contractions? How is this cycle coordinated? Make sure to explain what the components are (i.e. what is a node? What are bundle branches?)
Heart Dissection (Lab #3)
a.Remember that this is not a traditional lab write-up. This was an observational lab, so you want to record what you experienced through diagrammatic work and written description. Note the relationships between the structures of the different components of the heart and their functions. For example, how does the structure/form of an atria relate to what it does? Why do atria have different sizes and thicknesses than ventricles? Etc.
Cardiac Tissue, Arteries, Veins and Capillaries
a.You should have an entry or entries that encompass the structure and functions of cardiac tissue, arteries, veins and capillaries. This includes your diagrammatic work from the prepared slides
b.You should try to distinguish the different structures present in your diagrams. Point out as many distinguishing parts as possible.
c.The entry should explain the relationship between the forms(structures) of these organs/tissues and cells and their roles/functions in the human body. Explain why each is formed the way it is. Why do cardiac cells look the way they do? What is the function of the intercalated disks? Why are arteries thicker than veins? Why do veins possess valves? Why are capillaries so thin? Etc.
Lab #4 (Activity 1) - Mechanical Digestion/Surface Area to Volume Ratios
a.In crafting a conclusion for this exercise (remember to use RERUN!) make sure to explain why the crushed tablet dissolved more quickly by fully explaining the surface area to volume ration concept.
b.You do not need to answer questions #2 and #3 in the laboratory questions section.
Lab #5 – Activity 5: Intestinal Absorption of Nutrients/Selective Permeability and Diffusion
a.Make sure your conclusion for this lab explains the concepts of selective permeability and diffusion across concentration gradients.
The Human Respiratory System
a.Describe the system as a whole. Explain the pathway of air from the nasal cavity to the lung and, eventually, to the blood. Describe the structure and function of each component of this system.
b.How does breathing occur? Explain the process of taking a breath. How is the diaphragm muscle involved? Explain the relationship of pressure to volume and how it contributes to the inflation of our lungs.
c.Explain the process of diffusion that happens in the alveoli. How is it that oxygen make its way into the blood and CO2 out? Why doesn’t blood end up in the alveoli? Apply the rules of diffusion and selective permeability to explain this.
d.Describe anything that stood out to you during our exploration of the pig lungs. How was this experience different from what you expected?
Lab #6 – Blood Typing
a. What is your blood type? How do you know? The conclusion for this lab should explain the phenomenon of blood type. What causes blood type? Why are agglutination (clumping) reactions positive indicators for blood type?
The Blood
a.Explain the main functions of the blood, giving examples.
b.Explain the composition of the blood and the functions of each component (i.e. buffy coat, red blood cells, plasma).
Lab #7: Gummy Bear Osmosis
a. The conclusion for this lab should report the results – the differences in weight and size between the ‘dry’ gummies, the gummies soaked in distilled water and tap water, and those soaked in salt water. Which were heavier and bigger?
b. Why did we see a change in the size in the gummy bears? Why was there an increase in size with distilled and tap water? Why would the size decrease with salt water?
c. Fully explain the concept of osmosis and how it applies in this instance.
d. Make a graph displaying the percentage of mass gained and lost for each gummy bear (distilled water, tap water, salt water)
Tour of a Living Cells
a.This should include a sketch of a generalized prokaryote cell, plant cell and animal cell with all organelles.
b.Make sure to label and explain the various functions of the different organelles and how their structure relates to these functions.
c.Outline the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
d.Explain the differences between plant and animal cells.
e.Give examples of how certain cell forms fit their functions. (i.e. microvilli cells are columnar and thin, maximizing surface area for nutrient absorption).
f.Incorporate anything extraordinary or interesting about cell structure and function from the class lecture and discussion.
Lab #8 - Cell Structure and Function
a. This is not a traditional lab write-up, it is simply a documentation of your observations over a series of phenomena (cell type).
b. You should make sure that you've diagrammed each cell type you observed to the best of your ability. Label visible structures that you were able to identify (nuclei, cell membrane, chloroplasts, cell wall, etc.) .
c. Report any cell size estimates that you did and compare the processes of estimating the sizes for each cell. Why was it so difficult to see the bacteria?
d. For each cell, take some time to characterize it. That is, what are it's qualities? How does its structure relate to its function and the life of the organism? How do the unicellular organisms more? What are their lives like? How are cheek cells different from plant cells? Why? How does the form of each cell relate to its function?
Tadpole Transformation
a. This entry should include diagrams of the various stages of transformation that we observed with the tadpole/frogs. Try to put the diagrams side-by- side in succession, showing the changes from one stage to the next.
b. Include any observations you made regarding what you observed. WHat stood out from stage to stage? WHat was the timing like for the development of different part of the frog?
c. Speculate about the the riddle, how do you think an organism can undergo such a radical transformation and yet, has the same genes/dna at each stage? What is causing the transformation?
d. What questions come up for you regarding what you observed?
Course Outline
Course Introduction
Definitions of Anatomy and Physiology, Course Theme: Form Follows Function
Microscopic Anatomy vrs. Gross Anatomy
The Different Sub-disciplines of Anatomy
The Language of Anatomy
Structural Organization of the Human Body: Organismal to Atomic
The Patterns of Nature
Symmetry, Spiral, Branching/Network, Tessellations
Proportions/Geometries of the Human Body
Cell Size and Scale
Click to go to the learn.genetics website for a tutorial on the relative size and scale of cellular structures
Course Introduction
Definitions of Anatomy and Physiology, Course Theme: Form Follows Function
Microscopic Anatomy vrs. Gross Anatomy
The Different Sub-disciplines of Anatomy
The Language of Anatomy
Structural Organization of the Human Body: Organismal to Atomic
The Patterns of Nature
Symmetry, Spiral, Branching/Network, Tessellations
Proportions/Geometries of the Human Body
Cell Size and Scale
Click to go to the learn.genetics website for a tutorial on the relative size and scale of cellular structures
Lab #1: Microscopic Measurements and Cell Size and Scale
The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
Overview of the Cardiovascular System
Structure of the Cardiovascular System
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Evolution of the Mammalian Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the Heart
Click here for a crash course video on the structure and function of the heart.
How the heart beats
The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
Overview of the Cardiovascular System
Structure of the Cardiovascular System
Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Evolution of the Mammalian Cardiovascular System
Anatomy of the Heart
Click here for a crash course video on the structure and function of the heart.
How the heart beats
The Cardiac Cycle
Lithium ion-powered prosthetic heart!
Blood Flow in the Body
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
The Blood
Determining blood type:
Click here for a blood type chart showing possible donors and recipients for each type
Click here for for a site with nice visuals on blood typing, showing the activity of surface antigens and antibodies.
The Respiratory System
Click here for a synopsis on Insect Respiration
Amphibian Respiration
How do we breath?
Click here for an animation depicting breathing, this has a good visual on how the diaphragm works.
Click here for an informational video on the respiratory system structure and how it responds to physical activity.
Crash Course on the evolution of the respiratory system, the mammalian structure and the mechanics of breathing:
Lithium ion-powered prosthetic heart!
Blood Flow in the Body
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
The Blood
Determining blood type:
Click here for a blood type chart showing possible donors and recipients for each type
Click here for for a site with nice visuals on blood typing, showing the activity of surface antigens and antibodies.
The Respiratory System
Click here for a synopsis on Insect Respiration
Amphibian Respiration
How do we breath?
Click here for an animation depicting breathing, this has a good visual on how the diaphragm works.
Click here for an informational video on the respiratory system structure and how it responds to physical activity.
Crash Course on the evolution of the respiratory system, the mammalian structure and the mechanics of breathing:
Osmosis and Diffusion
How it works and real life applications
Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic Solutions (animation)
Cell Structure and Function
How it works and real life applications
Hypotonic, Hypertonic and Isotonic Solutions (animation)
Cell Structure and Function
This goes over the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells:
Here's some crazy footage of amoeba eating paramecia